Tuesday, May 11, 2010

UNIT 11 BIO BLOG QUEST OPPORTUNITY : DISNEY'S EARTH MOVIE featured on EARTH DAY @WARD



Today during periods two and three, I was in the video studio watching Disney Nature’s Earth. This movie was a very beautiful movie reminding us the importance of nature that we don’t always think about. Often we spend a lot of time with modern day society, with transportation vehicles, supermarkets, recreational activities and technology that we forget about sustainability of our Earth. Earth Day each year on the twenty-second of April reminds us of the wildlife that is suffering from the consequences of our actions. I was amazed by the beauty of our planet as I saw the different species of animals and different parts of our world from the Arctic Circle to the Deserts closest to the Equator.


We don’t realize what is happening around us in other parts of the world unless we are amongst it. Changes are slowly happening and in no time it will be too late. The movie Earth, showed us the many affects that are causing changes that many animals have been used to for the past decades. Temperatures are warming causing polar ice caps melting too soon enough for polar bears to find food after hibernation. Baby cubs are starving and mother bears are weak after giving birth and feeding her cubs. The ice caps only stay firm for a small period of time making survival more crucial and dangerous than ever. The trees in the Arctic refreshes atmospheres of the entire planet as the number of trees in the arctic measure up to a total of 1/3 of the total rainforests that are still left on our planet today. The slight increase of deserts have totaled to 1/3 of all land and this keeps growing bigger; making it more difficult for elephants to find water and food. Dust storms make it harder for new elephants to travel through and make them more prone to be predators to nearby lions. Ultimately, challenges to survive are greater than ever.
Just like how we don’t realize the importance of wild life preservation since we live in the city, doesn’t mean that nature is not important to us. We abuse it and mistreat it: we litter over the grounds we walk on and use harmful pesticides to keep pests off our crops. Grass is a very important plant; in East Africa many animals and birds rely on grass for survival. Sometimes we just have to open our eyes and realize what is upon us to really know the true meaning of nature. Unfortunately, with nature comes the cycle of life. The movie also displayed how nature has taken its toll on species, like when the cheetah isolated one of the deer during migration and hunted it. Another example was when the lions were watching the elephants as they shared the same water supply. The lions knew that the older elephants were too big for them to hunt individually, so then they tried to go after the baby elephants. The older elephants used a defense mechanism that kept a baby in between a few of the large ones so that they could be protected. Not only did the elephants have to face dust storms but they also had to worry about being prey. Nature’s cycle life is natural, we shouldn’t have to make their life time shorter because of our relentless actions.
For a long time I have forgotten how beautiful nature was. I was caught up with present day life; with people going to convenient stores for medicine instead of natural remedies at home, going to the grocery store to get food rather than to farm and harvest your own and many more. The way of life has changed drastically but nature has remained. The only change to nature is the effects that have resulted from our careless actions; our littering, pesticide use, over exploitation of fisheries and forests and excessive human activity like pollution. Disney Nature’s Earth Movie helped me to remember and contemplate the importance of sustainability and wildlife. This movie has brought out the “greener” side of me and will continue to remind me to think twice before I think about littering carelessly.

Thursday, February 25, 2010

Unit #8: Human Impact on Evolutionary Science

Q: Artificial selection has resulted in plants that are more disease-resistant, cows that produce more milk, and racehorses that run faster. One must wonder what will come next. Under what circumstances should humans be artificially selecting plants or animals, if any?

What is a selection? Who is responsible for the selection? What can be selected? The term was utilized by Charles Darwin in contrast to natural selection, in which the differential reproduction of organisms with certain traits is attributed to improve survival or reproductive ability. Darwin identified natural and artificial selection. Humans have always tried to discover new things to improve lifestyles or to search for the secret of life with death. Artificial selection is the natural selection controlled by human species for different purposes. Some include gardening, medical uses and animal breeders. One of the greatest discoveries in medicine is the discovery of insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas which controls blood sugar. People with diabetes have the hormone insulin but it doesn't work properly and they need it to survive. Researchers have found ways to produce insulin using the pancreas from animals or modified cells. The discovery of the stem cell also plays an important role. These cells have a remarkable property to develop into many different types of cells in the body. In the future this cell could be used to replace different cells or organs destroyed by a disease. it is a new hope for people with incurable diseases and it is investing in this direction.

The video further explains what artificial selection is:


There is no doubt that artificial selection has been successful in producing cows that produce more milk, racehorses that run faster, extended medical lengths and farms that produce more crops. Artificial selection (sometimes known as selective breeding) describes intentional breeding for certain traits, or combination of traits. Artificial selection is used with humans in favour of specific traits, in natural selection the environment acts as a sieve through which only certain variations can pass. The deliberate exploitation of artificial selection has become very common in experimental biology as well as the discovery and invention of new drugs. Artificial selection is the process of changing the characteristics of animals by artificial means. For example, animal breeders, are often able to change the characteristics of domestic animals by selecting for reproduction those individuals with the most desirable qualities such as peed in racehorses, milk production in cows, trail scenting in dogs. Over the years, the plants with desirable characteristics are grown by man and their numbers increase. Meanwhile, plants without these characteristics are less likely to survive as they are not provided with the fertilisers and pesticides by man. Eventually, the species of the plant will evolute. Artificial selection can also be unintentional; and it is through that domestication of crops by early humans was largely unintentional.
Human intervention in animal or plant reproduction to ensure that certain desirable traits are represented in successive generations. I think that humans should not deliberately artificially select plants or animals under any circumstances. This is wrong and comes in the way of how nature should be. Everything is created differently and equally in their own ways and human scientifics do not have the right to come in the way. I think it is crazy how people are starting to breed animals for a desirable look. This goes for those puppy breeders out there. I know it's cute when the puppies come out but is it necessary to put two different species together so that they produce a cute mix? There are dogs in the pound who don't even have owners and day by day they are just waiting for the shot to end their life. I think it is important that we use artificial selection for good deeds and not for bad ones. Bad ones would be like duplicating something for leisure needs (puppies). Something acceptable would be the alteration of traits in plants to speed up growth, and to search for a cure to a disease. This is a great innovation in technology; but scientists need to keep in mind that we are interfering with nature's gift to us.


Links: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/533167/selective-breeding
http://www.helium.com/items/807237-artificial-selection-and-its-application-to-medicine